Were you aware that there are virtually hundreds of available alternative health seminars? Today, people like you and I have the option to choose from a number of alternative healing workshops that are geared toward introductory instruction in a variety of natural healthcare treatments.
In addition to learning about starting your own organic garden, individuals can enroll in alternative health seminars that teach the how-tos of herbal home remedies, and several therapeutic uses of typical herbs and spices like cinnamon, oregano, parsley, ginger, dandelion, and more.
Alternative health seminars also teach individuals about safe and natural supplements, holistic nutrition, natural skin care, basic acupressure therapies, chair massage, and green living methods, among others.
A number of alternative health seminars may even offer certificates of completion. For example, iridology classes are often extended through holistic seminars and workshops and upon successful completion; students are awarded a certificate to practice iridology. To complement this diagnostic technique, many iridologists will take supplemental training in herbal/plant medicine, as well as holistic nutrition.
Some alternative health seminars are offered as part of a continuing education curriculum through holistic institutes and massage schools. These short courses may include training in advanced or new massage techniques, herbology, pathologies, anatomy, physiology, CPR and first aid, kinesiology, and energy healing therapies like Reiki, among other relative studies.
The nicest part about alternative health seminars is that most of these natural healing classes are open to the public. Whether you're 18 or 81 years old, you have the option to learn about new and sometimes ancient healing arts, including introductory classes in yoga, Tai Chi, reflexology, and more.
If you (or someone you know) are interested in learning more about these or other alternative health training options, let professional training within fast-growing industries like massage therapy, cosmetology, acupuncture, oriental medicine, Reiki, and others get you started! Explore alternative health seminars near you.
Sunday, February 24, 2008
Massage Therapy: History and Forms
When we take a walk back in history, we discover that massage therapy has been around since the time before Christ. Finding its origins throughout many ancient civilizations, bodywork therapies in the United States first gained recognition in the mid 19th century.
Some massage therapy modalities, like Ayurvedic Abhyanga massage, dates back thousands of years to India, and is administered by one or paired therapists. This particular body treatment integrates heated herbal oils, with gentle kneading and pressure techniques. Sometimes, the feet are used for the therapy, like the Hawaiian massage technique of Lomi Lomi.
Craniosacral therapy, sometimes used as part of an osteopathic doctor's health treatment, is commonly referred to as a unique form of massage therapy. A hands-on treatment involving light touch to assist hydraulic forces within the natural cranial sacral system, craniosacral therapy is known to free tension from the spinal cord, and optimizes spinal fluid flow.
Deep tissue technique is one of the more common forms of massage therapy, and is typically taught in most somatic education programs. This specific massage modality involves a deeper pressure application using the fingers, knuckles, or elbow.
Reflexology is an energy-based massage therapy that is most commonly administered to the soles of the feet; however, it is also administered to the hands, ears, and body. Facilitating pressure points on the soles of the feet, reflexology is a therapy with the belief that specific pressure points of the feet correspond to parts of the body that can aid in relieving pain and stress to these parts.
Chinese medical massage therapy, also known as Tuina, is similar to acupressure; and is administered through kneading, pushing, and stretching techniques at the sites of these acupressure points of the body. Also based on energy healing, Tuina is based on the philosophy that these acupressure points correlate to organ systems and parts of the body; and is believed to help promote self-healing mechanisms.
Of course there are several other massage therapy modalities available today. To find out which massage technique is best for you, you should check with your local certified massage therapist who can explain the different techniques that she uses in her practice. As with most practitioners, massage therapists must meet state educational requirements and/or licensure prior to practicing the healing art. While there are many massage therapists, it is important to note that no two massage practitioners are alike. Where one may be certified in Swedish massage, deep tissue and sports massage; more advanced therapists may offer additional services in acupressure/Shiatsu, hot stone massage, neuromuscular therapy, and myofascial release, among others.
If you (or someone you know) are interested in finding educational programs in massage therapy, let professional training within fast-growing industries like massotherapy, cosmetology, acupuncture, oriental medicine, Reiki, and others get you started! Explore massage therapy programs near you.
Some massage therapy modalities, like Ayurvedic Abhyanga massage, dates back thousands of years to India, and is administered by one or paired therapists. This particular body treatment integrates heated herbal oils, with gentle kneading and pressure techniques. Sometimes, the feet are used for the therapy, like the Hawaiian massage technique of Lomi Lomi.
Craniosacral therapy, sometimes used as part of an osteopathic doctor's health treatment, is commonly referred to as a unique form of massage therapy. A hands-on treatment involving light touch to assist hydraulic forces within the natural cranial sacral system, craniosacral therapy is known to free tension from the spinal cord, and optimizes spinal fluid flow.
Deep tissue technique is one of the more common forms of massage therapy, and is typically taught in most somatic education programs. This specific massage modality involves a deeper pressure application using the fingers, knuckles, or elbow.
Reflexology is an energy-based massage therapy that is most commonly administered to the soles of the feet; however, it is also administered to the hands, ears, and body. Facilitating pressure points on the soles of the feet, reflexology is a therapy with the belief that specific pressure points of the feet correspond to parts of the body that can aid in relieving pain and stress to these parts.
Chinese medical massage therapy, also known as Tuina, is similar to acupressure; and is administered through kneading, pushing, and stretching techniques at the sites of these acupressure points of the body. Also based on energy healing, Tuina is based on the philosophy that these acupressure points correlate to organ systems and parts of the body; and is believed to help promote self-healing mechanisms.
Of course there are several other massage therapy modalities available today. To find out which massage technique is best for you, you should check with your local certified massage therapist who can explain the different techniques that she uses in her practice. As with most practitioners, massage therapists must meet state educational requirements and/or licensure prior to practicing the healing art. While there are many massage therapists, it is important to note that no two massage practitioners are alike. Where one may be certified in Swedish massage, deep tissue and sports massage; more advanced therapists may offer additional services in acupressure/Shiatsu, hot stone massage, neuromuscular therapy, and myofascial release, among others.
If you (or someone you know) are interested in finding educational programs in massage therapy, let professional training within fast-growing industries like massotherapy, cosmetology, acupuncture, oriental medicine, Reiki, and others get you started! Explore massage therapy programs near you.
Anxiety and Eating Disorders
Almost everyone is unhappy with their weight, body shape or other aspect of their appearance at some point. Individuals may take steps to eat healthier, try a new diet or start an exercise plan to improve their appearance. However, some people may have eating and exercising habits that go way beyond normal. They may fast or severely restrict their caloric intake, exercise for hours on end each day or take other actions to prevent weight gain. They may have an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though they are underweight. These people may be suffering from an eating disorder -- a category of medical conditions that commonly co-occur with anxiety disorders.
For people with anxiety disorders, having a co-occurring eating disorder may make their symptoms worse and recovery more difficult. This makes it essential to be treated for both disorders. Read on to learn more about the co-occurrence of anxiety and eating disorders.
What is an anxiety disorder?
Anxiety disorders are a unique group of illnesses that fill people's lives with persistent, excessive and unreasonable anxiety, worry and fear. They include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and specific phobias. Although anxiety disorders are serious medical conditions, they are treatable.
What is an eating disorder?
According to the National Mental Health Information Center, an eating disorder is an emotional and physical problem that is associated with an obsession with food, body weight or body shape. Often, a person with an eating disorder diets, exercises and/or eats excessively. These behaviors can have serious health consequences and can even be life threatening. The three most common types of eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia and binge eating. Symptoms of each include:
Anorexia Nervosa
Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight Infrequent or absent menstrual periods (more specifically, the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles) in females who have reached puberty People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. The process of eating becomes an obsession. Unusual eating habits develop, such as avoiding food and meals, picking out a few foods and eating these in small quantities, or carefully weighing and portioning food. People with anorexia may repeatedly check their body weight, and many engage in other techniques to control their weight, such as intense and compulsive exercise, or purging by means of vomiting and abuse of laxatives, enemas and diuretics. Individuals with anorexia nervosa who regularly engage in binge-eating or purging behavior are considered to have the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa.
Bulimia Nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other medications (purging), fasting or excessive exercise The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight Because purging or other compensatory behavior follows the binge-eating episodes, people with bulimia usually weigh within the normal range for their age and height. However, like individuals with anorexia, they may fear gaining weight, desire to lose weight and feel intensely dissatisfied with their bodies. People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.
Binge Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode The binge-eating episodes are associated with at least three of the following: eating much more rapidly than normal; eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry; eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating; feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating Marked distress about the binge-eating behavior The binge eating occurs, on average, at least two days a week for six months The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, fasting, excessive exercise) People with binge-eating disorder experience frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the same kinds of binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia. The main difference is that individuals with binge-eating disorder do not purge their bodies of excess calories. Therefore, many with the disorder are overweight for their age and height. Feelings of self-disgust and shame associated with this illness can lead to bingeing again, creating a cycle of binge eating.
What differences are there between men and women who have eating disorders?
First it is important to note that while eating disorders are more common in women, men also can suffer from these disorders. It is estimated that about 10 percent of people who suffer from anorexia or bulimia are men, but the proportion of men with an eating disorder may be even higher, especially among people with binge-eating disorder. While most of the underlying psychological factors that lead to an eating disorder are the same for men and women, men with eating disorders can have some added difficulties. They may be less likely to report their symptoms because they think eating disorders are a "woman's disease" -- some may think it reflects negatively on their masculinity or are worried about people questioning their sexual orientation. Additionally, men may be less likely to seek help because they don't feel comfortable being the only man (or one of the few) participating in a support group and treatment program for eating disorders, which is often the case. However, it is just as important for men to seek treatment as women, and men are generally thought to respond to the same types of treatment for eating disorders as women. For more about men and eating disorders, click here.
How often do anxiety and eating disorders occur together, and which occurs first?
A major study conducted by University of Pittsburgh researchers in 2004 found two-thirds of people with eating disorders suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. It also found that a significant number of these people -- 42 percent -- developed an anxiety disorder during childhood, well before the onset of their eating disorder. Other studies have also found that anxiety disorders usually precede development of an eating disorder. Some researchers, including those from 2004 study, noted that early diagnosis and treatment of an anxiety disorder may provide some preventative effect against eating disorders, although this is an area that requires further study.
Are there specific anxiety disorders that are more often associated with eating disorders?
Although people with eating disorders can suffer from any of the anxiety disorders and vice versa, specific ones are associated with the co-occurrence of eating disorders. These include:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is one of the most common anxiety disorders to co-occur with eating disorders. In fact, the disorders share many of the same features. Women with anorexia may suffer from obsessions with exercise, dieting and food. They often develop compulsive rituals such as weighing every bit of food, cutting food into tiny pieces, repeated checking of weight or mirror checking. There are also similar characteristics between bulimia and OCD. Like the compulsions in OCD, binges are difficult to resist and hard to control. While binges provide some immediate relief to the sufferer, like the compulsions characteristic of OCD, this relief is short-lived and temporary. While similar, eating disorders and OCD also have differences, such as a wider variety of symptoms in OCD and different treatment considerations.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In the National Women's Study of over 3,000 women in the community who were questioned about their history of aggravated and sexual assault, PTSD, bulimia and binge eating disorder, higher rates of sexual and aggravated assault were found in women with bulimia compared to women without bulimia. The study also found that women with bulimia had higher rates of PTSD compared to those without bulimia. The odds of developing bulimia are greater for women with PTSD, even if the trauma resulting in the PTSD was not assault.
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). SAD, along with OCD, has been found to be among the most common anxiety disorder to co-exist with eating disorders in many studies.
Panic Disorder. Panic disorder, unlike many of the other anxiety disorders, has been found in many studies to follow the onset of an eating disorder.
Why do these disorders occur together so frequently?
More research is needed to determine why this is the case. Many scientists believe a childhood anxiety disorder may contribute to increased vulnerability to a later eating disorder, or that eating disorders and anxiety disorders share common biological/genetic and/or environmental causes. In both OCD and eating disorders, for instance, levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (which plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite and other important body functions) are abnormal. These and other possible factors are areas that are being explored further.
What complications can arise from having both disorders?
People with both disorders may suffer more severe anxiety symptoms and have a more difficult recovery than those with an anxiety disorder alone. Moreover, having an eating disorder can have serious physical consequences and risks that are not normally present with an anxiety disorder alone, some of which may be life threatening. Because of the potentially dangerous effects of an eating disorder, it is crucial for people with both disorders to pursue treatment.
Can these disorders be treated together?
Yes. The same types of therapies used to treat anxiety disorders may be used to treat eating disorders, and the disorders can often be treated at the same time (by one professional or as part of a treatment team). Recovery from one disorder does not ensure recovery from the other disorder, which is why it is necessary to seek help for both. Treatment options for both include:
Psychological treatment (psychotherapy). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy in which individuals learn to identify, challenge and gain control over unwanted behaviors and develop more accurate and helpful beliefs. These therapies have been demonstrated to be effective in both anxiety and eating disorders. Interpersonal therapy is another type of psychotherapy that may be effective for eating disorders. Psychological treatments are sometimes provided in an individual format and sometimes in a group. Family therapy is a type of treatment that uses strategies to reduce the level of distress within the family that may either contribute to or result from the ill person's symptoms. It also provides psychoeducation to family members about an illness.
Medication -- Antidepressants such as SSRIs may be used to treat both anxiety disorders and eating disorders. Other medications may also be helpful for certain disorders. The choice of medication should be discussed carefully between doctor and patient and will always depend on individual circumstances.
Self-help/other treatment groups -- Individuals with similar needs or experiences meet, and meetings are facilitated by a consumer, layperson or survivor. Self-help groups for anxiety disorders can be found on ADAA's website here. It is suggested that self-help groups be used in addition to one of the treatments above.
Treatment for eating disorders also includes nutritional management and nutritional counseling. Sometimes, people experiencing severe symptoms of an eating disorder may require hospitalization to help restore them to a safe and healthy weight.More about depression, anxiety and phobias
For people with anxiety disorders, having a co-occurring eating disorder may make their symptoms worse and recovery more difficult. This makes it essential to be treated for both disorders. Read on to learn more about the co-occurrence of anxiety and eating disorders.
What is an anxiety disorder?
Anxiety disorders are a unique group of illnesses that fill people's lives with persistent, excessive and unreasonable anxiety, worry and fear. They include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and specific phobias. Although anxiety disorders are serious medical conditions, they are treatable.
What is an eating disorder?
According to the National Mental Health Information Center, an eating disorder is an emotional and physical problem that is associated with an obsession with food, body weight or body shape. Often, a person with an eating disorder diets, exercises and/or eats excessively. These behaviors can have serious health consequences and can even be life threatening. The three most common types of eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia and binge eating. Symptoms of each include:
Anorexia Nervosa
Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight Infrequent or absent menstrual periods (more specifically, the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles) in females who have reached puberty People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. The process of eating becomes an obsession. Unusual eating habits develop, such as avoiding food and meals, picking out a few foods and eating these in small quantities, or carefully weighing and portioning food. People with anorexia may repeatedly check their body weight, and many engage in other techniques to control their weight, such as intense and compulsive exercise, or purging by means of vomiting and abuse of laxatives, enemas and diuretics. Individuals with anorexia nervosa who regularly engage in binge-eating or purging behavior are considered to have the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa.
Bulimia Nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other medications (purging), fasting or excessive exercise The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight Because purging or other compensatory behavior follows the binge-eating episodes, people with bulimia usually weigh within the normal range for their age and height. However, like individuals with anorexia, they may fear gaining weight, desire to lose weight and feel intensely dissatisfied with their bodies. People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.
Binge Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode The binge-eating episodes are associated with at least three of the following: eating much more rapidly than normal; eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry; eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating; feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating Marked distress about the binge-eating behavior The binge eating occurs, on average, at least two days a week for six months The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, fasting, excessive exercise) People with binge-eating disorder experience frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the same kinds of binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia. The main difference is that individuals with binge-eating disorder do not purge their bodies of excess calories. Therefore, many with the disorder are overweight for their age and height. Feelings of self-disgust and shame associated with this illness can lead to bingeing again, creating a cycle of binge eating.
What differences are there between men and women who have eating disorders?
First it is important to note that while eating disorders are more common in women, men also can suffer from these disorders. It is estimated that about 10 percent of people who suffer from anorexia or bulimia are men, but the proportion of men with an eating disorder may be even higher, especially among people with binge-eating disorder. While most of the underlying psychological factors that lead to an eating disorder are the same for men and women, men with eating disorders can have some added difficulties. They may be less likely to report their symptoms because they think eating disorders are a "woman's disease" -- some may think it reflects negatively on their masculinity or are worried about people questioning their sexual orientation. Additionally, men may be less likely to seek help because they don't feel comfortable being the only man (or one of the few) participating in a support group and treatment program for eating disorders, which is often the case. However, it is just as important for men to seek treatment as women, and men are generally thought to respond to the same types of treatment for eating disorders as women. For more about men and eating disorders, click here.
How often do anxiety and eating disorders occur together, and which occurs first?
A major study conducted by University of Pittsburgh researchers in 2004 found two-thirds of people with eating disorders suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. It also found that a significant number of these people -- 42 percent -- developed an anxiety disorder during childhood, well before the onset of their eating disorder. Other studies have also found that anxiety disorders usually precede development of an eating disorder. Some researchers, including those from 2004 study, noted that early diagnosis and treatment of an anxiety disorder may provide some preventative effect against eating disorders, although this is an area that requires further study.
Are there specific anxiety disorders that are more often associated with eating disorders?
Although people with eating disorders can suffer from any of the anxiety disorders and vice versa, specific ones are associated with the co-occurrence of eating disorders. These include:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). OCD is one of the most common anxiety disorders to co-occur with eating disorders. In fact, the disorders share many of the same features. Women with anorexia may suffer from obsessions with exercise, dieting and food. They often develop compulsive rituals such as weighing every bit of food, cutting food into tiny pieces, repeated checking of weight or mirror checking. There are also similar characteristics between bulimia and OCD. Like the compulsions in OCD, binges are difficult to resist and hard to control. While binges provide some immediate relief to the sufferer, like the compulsions characteristic of OCD, this relief is short-lived and temporary. While similar, eating disorders and OCD also have differences, such as a wider variety of symptoms in OCD and different treatment considerations.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In the National Women's Study of over 3,000 women in the community who were questioned about their history of aggravated and sexual assault, PTSD, bulimia and binge eating disorder, higher rates of sexual and aggravated assault were found in women with bulimia compared to women without bulimia. The study also found that women with bulimia had higher rates of PTSD compared to those without bulimia. The odds of developing bulimia are greater for women with PTSD, even if the trauma resulting in the PTSD was not assault.
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). SAD, along with OCD, has been found to be among the most common anxiety disorder to co-exist with eating disorders in many studies.
Panic Disorder. Panic disorder, unlike many of the other anxiety disorders, has been found in many studies to follow the onset of an eating disorder.
Why do these disorders occur together so frequently?
More research is needed to determine why this is the case. Many scientists believe a childhood anxiety disorder may contribute to increased vulnerability to a later eating disorder, or that eating disorders and anxiety disorders share common biological/genetic and/or environmental causes. In both OCD and eating disorders, for instance, levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (which plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite and other important body functions) are abnormal. These and other possible factors are areas that are being explored further.
What complications can arise from having both disorders?
People with both disorders may suffer more severe anxiety symptoms and have a more difficult recovery than those with an anxiety disorder alone. Moreover, having an eating disorder can have serious physical consequences and risks that are not normally present with an anxiety disorder alone, some of which may be life threatening. Because of the potentially dangerous effects of an eating disorder, it is crucial for people with both disorders to pursue treatment.
Can these disorders be treated together?
Yes. The same types of therapies used to treat anxiety disorders may be used to treat eating disorders, and the disorders can often be treated at the same time (by one professional or as part of a treatment team). Recovery from one disorder does not ensure recovery from the other disorder, which is why it is necessary to seek help for both. Treatment options for both include:
Psychological treatment (psychotherapy). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy in which individuals learn to identify, challenge and gain control over unwanted behaviors and develop more accurate and helpful beliefs. These therapies have been demonstrated to be effective in both anxiety and eating disorders. Interpersonal therapy is another type of psychotherapy that may be effective for eating disorders. Psychological treatments are sometimes provided in an individual format and sometimes in a group. Family therapy is a type of treatment that uses strategies to reduce the level of distress within the family that may either contribute to or result from the ill person's symptoms. It also provides psychoeducation to family members about an illness.
Medication -- Antidepressants such as SSRIs may be used to treat both anxiety disorders and eating disorders. Other medications may also be helpful for certain disorders. The choice of medication should be discussed carefully between doctor and patient and will always depend on individual circumstances.
Self-help/other treatment groups -- Individuals with similar needs or experiences meet, and meetings are facilitated by a consumer, layperson or survivor. Self-help groups for anxiety disorders can be found on ADAA's website here. It is suggested that self-help groups be used in addition to one of the treatments above.
Treatment for eating disorders also includes nutritional management and nutritional counseling. Sometimes, people experiencing severe symptoms of an eating disorder may require hospitalization to help restore them to a safe and healthy weight.More about depression, anxiety and phobias
Introduction to Elder Day Care
The medical profession has advanced to the point where we are living longer. This hasn't eliminated health issues, and an explosion of care services has arise for the elderly with health issues.
Essentially, these services help to ensure that your loved ones are cared for while you are away during the daytime. Currently, there are well over 4,000 care centers nation wide - though there were only 300 centers during the 1970s. As you can tell, it has come a long way throughout the past thirty years, which means that you have many more options now than ever before.
Amazingly, merely ten years ago, some adults that are currently elder care centers may have been sent to mental institutions instead. Thankfully, this is no longer the case. The majority of care facilities provide patients with health services, therapy services, social activities, Alzheimer's and dementia specific care, and many other needs that prohibit an elderly person from taking care of themselves.
If you are trying to find an center for someone that has a mental disease, you should know that there are some disease specific centers out there. In most cases, it is best to send an elderly person to a facility that will work with their individual needs. Most are quality facilities that include many beneficial treatments, though it is advised that you really spend a lot of time looking at each center.
Believe it or not, many caregivers simply need a break once in awhile. Even if you are able to stay at home and tend to an elderly person, you may find that you simply need to step away for a few moments. In this manner, day care can be therapeutic for both the patient and the caregiver. Also, it will ensure that your loved one gets a bit of social interaction - a highly recommended activity.
There are usually plenty of care options in most areas. Spend the time to really walk around each place; ask about activities; and see whether or not other adults are happy at a facility. These centers can truly be money well spent ... and often the reward is a happier family member.
Essentially, these services help to ensure that your loved ones are cared for while you are away during the daytime. Currently, there are well over 4,000 care centers nation wide - though there were only 300 centers during the 1970s. As you can tell, it has come a long way throughout the past thirty years, which means that you have many more options now than ever before.
Amazingly, merely ten years ago, some adults that are currently elder care centers may have been sent to mental institutions instead. Thankfully, this is no longer the case. The majority of care facilities provide patients with health services, therapy services, social activities, Alzheimer's and dementia specific care, and many other needs that prohibit an elderly person from taking care of themselves.
If you are trying to find an center for someone that has a mental disease, you should know that there are some disease specific centers out there. In most cases, it is best to send an elderly person to a facility that will work with their individual needs. Most are quality facilities that include many beneficial treatments, though it is advised that you really spend a lot of time looking at each center.
Believe it or not, many caregivers simply need a break once in awhile. Even if you are able to stay at home and tend to an elderly person, you may find that you simply need to step away for a few moments. In this manner, day care can be therapeutic for both the patient and the caregiver. Also, it will ensure that your loved one gets a bit of social interaction - a highly recommended activity.
There are usually plenty of care options in most areas. Spend the time to really walk around each place; ask about activities; and see whether or not other adults are happy at a facility. These centers can truly be money well spent ... and often the reward is a happier family member.
Anxiety Disorders in the Workplace
Looming deadlines, increased workloads, high pressure presentations and other job demands can leave workers feeling understandably overwhelmed and stressed out. In fact, according to a recent national survey from the Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA), 79 percent of U.S. workers suffer from stress and anxiety daily.
While a certain amount of stress on the job is normal, some people experience stress and anxiety that is persistent, irrational and overwhelming, impairing their ability to function - at work and at home. These people may have an anxiety disorder. Individuals with an anxiety disorder may turn down a promotion or other career opportunity because it involves travel or public speaking; make excuses to get out of office parties, staff lunches and other events or meetings with co-workers; or be unable to meet deadlines. Read on to learn more about the impact of anxiety disorders in the workplace.
What is an anxiety disorder? Anxiety disorders are a unique group of illnesses that fill people's lives with persistent, excessive and unreasonable anxiety, worry and fear. They include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder(SAD) and specific phobias. Although anxiety disorders are serious medical conditions, they are treatable. Click here to learn more.
How can an anxiety disorder manifest itself at work? An untreated anxiety disorder can have a major impact on workplace conduct and comfort. Employees with anxiety disorders commonly report feeling fatigued or tired, having difficulty concentrating, feeling irritable, having trouble communicating with others and being less productive when experiencing symptoms of their disorder during work. They also may experience panic attacks, phobic avoidance, excessive worry, feelings of detachment, unrelenting fear of embarrassment or humiliation or a need to unnecessarily repeat work and other tasks over and over again.
What situations trigger symptoms of an anxiety disorder at work? Of course, everyone is unique and reacts differently to particular situations. However, certain work situations are commonly cited as difficult by people with anxiety disorders. These include dealing with issues and problems (including customer, financial and technical issues); setting and meeting deadlines; maintaining interpersonal relationships (with superiors, peers and subordinates); managing staff (including interviewing, hiring, firing, training, and evaluating employees); and participating in meetings and presentations.
How can having an anxiety disorder affect success on the job? An anxiety disorder can affect almost every major aspect of work life, including job performance, quality of work, ability to accept opportunities, ability to complete work on time, ability to arrive at work on time, and relationships with superiors, peers, and subordinates. This makes it important for employees with an anxiety disorder to seek help for their condition.
Should I disclose my anxiety disorder to my employer? The decision to disclose an anxiety disorder to an employer is a personal one. Some people choose to do so because they need accommodations, others because they want to educate people about their condition, and still others because they do not want to feel like they are hiding something. Whatever the reason, disclosure can be a big step emotionally and should be thought through carefully.
Can I be fired or otherwise discriminated against for having an anxiety disorder? If you have a physical or mental disability and are qualified to do a job, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) protects you from job discrimination. This law is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Under the law, you have a disability if you have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, such as hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, breathing, performing manual tasks, caring for oneself, learning or working.
You must be qualified to perform the essential functions or duties of a job in order to be protected from job discrimination by the ADA. This means two things: First, you must satisfy the employer's requirements for the job, such as education, employment experience, skills or licenses. Second, you must be able to perform the essential functions of the job with or without reasonable accommodation. Essential functions are the fundamental job duties that you must be able to complete on your own or with the help of a reasonable accommodation. An employer cannot refuse to hire you because your disability prevents you from performing duties that are not essential to the job. For more information on your employment rights, click here.
Should an employee with an anxiety disorder ask for an accommodation? While in some cases it may be helpful to ask for accommodations in the short-term, as a rule it is far better for someone to get help for their anxiety disorder. In the long run, accommodations will not help people with anxiety disorders solve their problems.
While undergoing treatment, an individual with an anxiety disorder or other mental illness may want to consider asking for a reasonable accommodation in the workplace. What constitutes reasonable accommodation is decided on an individual basis. Examples include flexible scheduling or leave or extra time to learn new tasks. An employer is obligated to grant any requests for such accommodations unless it can be proved that doing so would place an "undue hardship" on the employer.
How can the holidays affect life at work for someone with an anxiety disorder? The holidays are a time of increased activity, both at home and at work. Office parties, holiday lunches, and other social interactions with coworkers may be difficult for employees with an anxiety disorder, particularly social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia. It may be tempting to come up with excuses to skip these activities, but such avoidance does not help you get over your fears.
What can I do to manage "normal" anxiety or the symptoms of my anxiety disorder at work? You can make life at work more manageable by taking certain measures. Try these tips:
Keep working! Apart from the obvious financial reason, employment is important for enhancing your self-esteem and adds to your social identity. Refine your time-management skills. Work on prioritizing projects and eliminating items so you only have a few things to focus on each day. Be realistic. Don't over-commit yourself by volunteering for projects or work you don't have time for. Savor success. Whether an accomplishment is big or small, congratulate yourself and others on a job well done. Tell a trusted coworker about your disorder. Knowing that someone at work is aware of your condition, and accepting of it, can be comforting. It can help with both anticipatory anxiety and if you are experiencing symptoms. Educate yourself about your disorder. Learn to recognize the symptoms and how to handle them if you experience them while at work. For more about anxiety disorders, visit www.adaa.org. Be healthy. Eat right, sleep, exercise regularly and avoid caffeine. Adhering to the basics will keep your body and mind in shape to handle challenging situations.
Where can I find help at work and outside of work? Many employers offer employee assistance programs (EAPs) that provide information on stress, anxiety and anxiety disorders. Employers also often assist employees looking for help by referring them to a mental health professional, providing them with a relaxation or stress management class or plan, or providing brochures, videos and other materials. You can check with your human resources representative/department to find out what is available to you.
Find a therapist in your area through this website by clicking here. You can also search for a local support group by clicking here.
What treatments are available for anxiety disorders? Most people who have an anxiety disorder can be helped. With treatment, most are able to live full, productive lives. Treatment is generally short term, ranging from several weeks to a year or more, depending on a variety of factors.
Although treatment is individualized, taking into account patient preference, therapist training, and other issues the patient may be dealing with, several standard approaches have proved to be effective. Therapists may use one or a combination of the following therapies:
Behavior Therapy. The goal of behavior therapy is to modify and gain control over unwanted behavior. The individual learns to cope with difficult situations, often through controlled exposure to them.
Cognitive Therapy. The goal of cognitive therapy is to identify, challenge, and change unwanted, unproductive thoughts, feelings and behaviors. The individual learns to separate unrealistic thoughts and feelings from realistic ones. As with behavior therapy, the individual is actively involved in his or her own recovery.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Many therapists use a combination of cognitive and behavior therapies, often referred to as CBT. With CBT, a patient learns recovery skills that are useful for a lifetime.
Relaxation Techniques. Relaxation techniques help individuals develop the ability to more effectively cope with the stresses that contribute to anxiety, as well as with some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. The techniques taught include breathing re-training, progressive muscle relaxation and exercise.
Medication. Medication can be very useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, and it is often used in conjunction with one or more of the therapies mentioned above. Sometimes anti-depressants or anxiolytics (anti-anxiety medications) are used to alleviate severe symptoms so that other forms of therapy can go forward. Medication is effective for many people and can be either a short-term or long-term treatment option, depending on the individual. More about anxiety, depression and phobias
While a certain amount of stress on the job is normal, some people experience stress and anxiety that is persistent, irrational and overwhelming, impairing their ability to function - at work and at home. These people may have an anxiety disorder. Individuals with an anxiety disorder may turn down a promotion or other career opportunity because it involves travel or public speaking; make excuses to get out of office parties, staff lunches and other events or meetings with co-workers; or be unable to meet deadlines. Read on to learn more about the impact of anxiety disorders in the workplace.
What is an anxiety disorder? Anxiety disorders are a unique group of illnesses that fill people's lives with persistent, excessive and unreasonable anxiety, worry and fear. They include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder(SAD) and specific phobias. Although anxiety disorders are serious medical conditions, they are treatable. Click here to learn more.
How can an anxiety disorder manifest itself at work? An untreated anxiety disorder can have a major impact on workplace conduct and comfort. Employees with anxiety disorders commonly report feeling fatigued or tired, having difficulty concentrating, feeling irritable, having trouble communicating with others and being less productive when experiencing symptoms of their disorder during work. They also may experience panic attacks, phobic avoidance, excessive worry, feelings of detachment, unrelenting fear of embarrassment or humiliation or a need to unnecessarily repeat work and other tasks over and over again.
What situations trigger symptoms of an anxiety disorder at work? Of course, everyone is unique and reacts differently to particular situations. However, certain work situations are commonly cited as difficult by people with anxiety disorders. These include dealing with issues and problems (including customer, financial and technical issues); setting and meeting deadlines; maintaining interpersonal relationships (with superiors, peers and subordinates); managing staff (including interviewing, hiring, firing, training, and evaluating employees); and participating in meetings and presentations.
How can having an anxiety disorder affect success on the job? An anxiety disorder can affect almost every major aspect of work life, including job performance, quality of work, ability to accept opportunities, ability to complete work on time, ability to arrive at work on time, and relationships with superiors, peers, and subordinates. This makes it important for employees with an anxiety disorder to seek help for their condition.
Should I disclose my anxiety disorder to my employer? The decision to disclose an anxiety disorder to an employer is a personal one. Some people choose to do so because they need accommodations, others because they want to educate people about their condition, and still others because they do not want to feel like they are hiding something. Whatever the reason, disclosure can be a big step emotionally and should be thought through carefully.
Can I be fired or otherwise discriminated against for having an anxiety disorder? If you have a physical or mental disability and are qualified to do a job, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) protects you from job discrimination. This law is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Under the law, you have a disability if you have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, such as hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, breathing, performing manual tasks, caring for oneself, learning or working.
You must be qualified to perform the essential functions or duties of a job in order to be protected from job discrimination by the ADA. This means two things: First, you must satisfy the employer's requirements for the job, such as education, employment experience, skills or licenses. Second, you must be able to perform the essential functions of the job with or without reasonable accommodation. Essential functions are the fundamental job duties that you must be able to complete on your own or with the help of a reasonable accommodation. An employer cannot refuse to hire you because your disability prevents you from performing duties that are not essential to the job. For more information on your employment rights, click here.
Should an employee with an anxiety disorder ask for an accommodation? While in some cases it may be helpful to ask for accommodations in the short-term, as a rule it is far better for someone to get help for their anxiety disorder. In the long run, accommodations will not help people with anxiety disorders solve their problems.
While undergoing treatment, an individual with an anxiety disorder or other mental illness may want to consider asking for a reasonable accommodation in the workplace. What constitutes reasonable accommodation is decided on an individual basis. Examples include flexible scheduling or leave or extra time to learn new tasks. An employer is obligated to grant any requests for such accommodations unless it can be proved that doing so would place an "undue hardship" on the employer.
How can the holidays affect life at work for someone with an anxiety disorder? The holidays are a time of increased activity, both at home and at work. Office parties, holiday lunches, and other social interactions with coworkers may be difficult for employees with an anxiety disorder, particularly social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia. It may be tempting to come up with excuses to skip these activities, but such avoidance does not help you get over your fears.
What can I do to manage "normal" anxiety or the symptoms of my anxiety disorder at work? You can make life at work more manageable by taking certain measures. Try these tips:
Keep working! Apart from the obvious financial reason, employment is important for enhancing your self-esteem and adds to your social identity. Refine your time-management skills. Work on prioritizing projects and eliminating items so you only have a few things to focus on each day. Be realistic. Don't over-commit yourself by volunteering for projects or work you don't have time for. Savor success. Whether an accomplishment is big or small, congratulate yourself and others on a job well done. Tell a trusted coworker about your disorder. Knowing that someone at work is aware of your condition, and accepting of it, can be comforting. It can help with both anticipatory anxiety and if you are experiencing symptoms. Educate yourself about your disorder. Learn to recognize the symptoms and how to handle them if you experience them while at work. For more about anxiety disorders, visit www.adaa.org. Be healthy. Eat right, sleep, exercise regularly and avoid caffeine. Adhering to the basics will keep your body and mind in shape to handle challenging situations.
Where can I find help at work and outside of work? Many employers offer employee assistance programs (EAPs) that provide information on stress, anxiety and anxiety disorders. Employers also often assist employees looking for help by referring them to a mental health professional, providing them with a relaxation or stress management class or plan, or providing brochures, videos and other materials. You can check with your human resources representative/department to find out what is available to you.
Find a therapist in your area through this website by clicking here. You can also search for a local support group by clicking here.
What treatments are available for anxiety disorders? Most people who have an anxiety disorder can be helped. With treatment, most are able to live full, productive lives. Treatment is generally short term, ranging from several weeks to a year or more, depending on a variety of factors.
Although treatment is individualized, taking into account patient preference, therapist training, and other issues the patient may be dealing with, several standard approaches have proved to be effective. Therapists may use one or a combination of the following therapies:
Behavior Therapy. The goal of behavior therapy is to modify and gain control over unwanted behavior. The individual learns to cope with difficult situations, often through controlled exposure to them.
Cognitive Therapy. The goal of cognitive therapy is to identify, challenge, and change unwanted, unproductive thoughts, feelings and behaviors. The individual learns to separate unrealistic thoughts and feelings from realistic ones. As with behavior therapy, the individual is actively involved in his or her own recovery.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Many therapists use a combination of cognitive and behavior therapies, often referred to as CBT. With CBT, a patient learns recovery skills that are useful for a lifetime.
Relaxation Techniques. Relaxation techniques help individuals develop the ability to more effectively cope with the stresses that contribute to anxiety, as well as with some of the physical symptoms of anxiety. The techniques taught include breathing re-training, progressive muscle relaxation and exercise.
Medication. Medication can be very useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, and it is often used in conjunction with one or more of the therapies mentioned above. Sometimes anti-depressants or anxiolytics (anti-anxiety medications) are used to alleviate severe symptoms so that other forms of therapy can go forward. Medication is effective for many people and can be either a short-term or long-term treatment option, depending on the individual. More about anxiety, depression and phobias
Warning signs of Anxiety and Depression
Research shows that around one in four people are suffering from mental illness, which means that at any point in time, a quarter of the population have some kind of mental health problem which can range from mild depression and anxiety right through to serious mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and other forms of dementia.
No one is immune to developing a mental health problem as mental illness can strike anyone, anywhere, at any time and at any age. So how can you recognise the early warning signs? All of us will inevitably feel a bit out of sorts or low at times and it's important to stress that this is a perfectly normal part of life and the feeling usually wears off after a short period of time. It's when we can't shake this feeling off on our own that we should pay attention and on the alert for other symptoms of depression or anxiety.
The most common types of mental health problems are indeed anxiety related disorders and depression and by recognising the symptoms we can help prevent ourselves or others close to us from experiencing unnecessary suffering and despair.
Common symptoms of anxiety and depression
* Low moods or sadness * Unable to sleep or sleeping too much * Changes in appetite * Fatigue * Loss of libido * Weight loss or weight gain * Irritability * Emotional outbursts * Experiencing a panic attack * Unable to relax * Excessive worrying * Feeling worthless and guilty * Unable to make decisions * Feeling anxious and nervous * Obsessive compulsive behaviour * Thoughts of suicide
We may experience one or more of these symptoms from time to time and yet not be suffering from a mental illness but if the symptoms persist and are severe enough to interfere with what you normally do on a day to day basis then you should seek advice from your doctor.
For example if you find it hard to go to work, or get up in the morning, or if you avoid social contact with friends or stop indulging in hobbies or pastimes that you used to enjoy or if you are constantly worrying and feeling anxious then this should all be taken seriously.
Recognising anxiety
Anxiety can be defined as a persistent nagging and unrealistic worry or fear about any aspect of your life, for example it could be connected to your health, your relationships or your work. You might have some difficulty focussing or concentrating on a task, your sleep may be disturbed and you could feel edgy and irritable or shaky and nervous.
Again it's important to stress that we all become anxious when faced with threatening or difficult situations such as a driving test or a job interview and this is a good thing as it helps us to prepare for the event. It's when this anxiety persists when there is no obvious reason for it that we should pay attention and seek help before it gets any worse. If we are extremely anxious or worried then we might also experience panic attacks.
What are panic attacks?
Panic attacks are terrifying; they can come on at any time without warning. Physical symptoms include difficulty breathing, pounding heart, unable to swallow, pains in the chest, dizziness and shaking. People often describe the sensation of a panic attack as if they are having a heart attack and feel as if they are going to die. Once someone has experienced a full blown panic attack they may be so scared of having another one that even the fear of the panic attack itself is enough to bring one on.
People who are suffering from persistent anxiety are often suffering from depression too.
Recognising depression
Depression can be said to exist when you have been feeling low for more than a couple of weeks or so and the symptoms are severe enough to hinder you from carrying out your normal daily routines the way you used to and you no longer enjoy the same activities that you used to find pleasurable. It can make you feel exhausted, worthless and unable to cope with even the most minor of tasks.
When to seek help
Quite simply, it is important to seek help as early as possible in order to get the right support. Many people are tempted to go it alone and struggle on day after day which not only reduces quality of life it also magnifies existing feelings of isolation, hopelessness and despair.
If you are diagnosed with depression or an anxiety related disorder then it is quite likely that you will be offered medication in the first instance, and possibly some form of therapy.
The good thing is that both depression and anxiety are treatable and with the right support and understanding from family and friends, most people will get back to their old selves again and will go on to make a complete recovery.
No one is immune to developing a mental health problem as mental illness can strike anyone, anywhere, at any time and at any age. So how can you recognise the early warning signs? All of us will inevitably feel a bit out of sorts or low at times and it's important to stress that this is a perfectly normal part of life and the feeling usually wears off after a short period of time. It's when we can't shake this feeling off on our own that we should pay attention and on the alert for other symptoms of depression or anxiety.
The most common types of mental health problems are indeed anxiety related disorders and depression and by recognising the symptoms we can help prevent ourselves or others close to us from experiencing unnecessary suffering and despair.
Common symptoms of anxiety and depression
* Low moods or sadness * Unable to sleep or sleeping too much * Changes in appetite * Fatigue * Loss of libido * Weight loss or weight gain * Irritability * Emotional outbursts * Experiencing a panic attack * Unable to relax * Excessive worrying * Feeling worthless and guilty * Unable to make decisions * Feeling anxious and nervous * Obsessive compulsive behaviour * Thoughts of suicide
We may experience one or more of these symptoms from time to time and yet not be suffering from a mental illness but if the symptoms persist and are severe enough to interfere with what you normally do on a day to day basis then you should seek advice from your doctor.
For example if you find it hard to go to work, or get up in the morning, or if you avoid social contact with friends or stop indulging in hobbies or pastimes that you used to enjoy or if you are constantly worrying and feeling anxious then this should all be taken seriously.
Recognising anxiety
Anxiety can be defined as a persistent nagging and unrealistic worry or fear about any aspect of your life, for example it could be connected to your health, your relationships or your work. You might have some difficulty focussing or concentrating on a task, your sleep may be disturbed and you could feel edgy and irritable or shaky and nervous.
Again it's important to stress that we all become anxious when faced with threatening or difficult situations such as a driving test or a job interview and this is a good thing as it helps us to prepare for the event. It's when this anxiety persists when there is no obvious reason for it that we should pay attention and seek help before it gets any worse. If we are extremely anxious or worried then we might also experience panic attacks.
What are panic attacks?
Panic attacks are terrifying; they can come on at any time without warning. Physical symptoms include difficulty breathing, pounding heart, unable to swallow, pains in the chest, dizziness and shaking. People often describe the sensation of a panic attack as if they are having a heart attack and feel as if they are going to die. Once someone has experienced a full blown panic attack they may be so scared of having another one that even the fear of the panic attack itself is enough to bring one on.
People who are suffering from persistent anxiety are often suffering from depression too.
Recognising depression
Depression can be said to exist when you have been feeling low for more than a couple of weeks or so and the symptoms are severe enough to hinder you from carrying out your normal daily routines the way you used to and you no longer enjoy the same activities that you used to find pleasurable. It can make you feel exhausted, worthless and unable to cope with even the most minor of tasks.
When to seek help
Quite simply, it is important to seek help as early as possible in order to get the right support. Many people are tempted to go it alone and struggle on day after day which not only reduces quality of life it also magnifies existing feelings of isolation, hopelessness and despair.
If you are diagnosed with depression or an anxiety related disorder then it is quite likely that you will be offered medication in the first instance, and possibly some form of therapy.
The good thing is that both depression and anxiety are treatable and with the right support and understanding from family and friends, most people will get back to their old selves again and will go on to make a complete recovery.
Entering a Hospital-Health
A hospital is driven by the goal of saving lives. It may range in size and service from a small unit that provides general care and low-risk treatments to large, specialized centers offering dramatic and experimental therapies. You may be limited in your choice of a hospital by factors beyond your control, including insurance coverage, your physician's hospital affiliation, and type of care available.
Before entering a hospital, you should be aware of possible dangers. Well-known hospital hazards are unnecessary operations, unexpected drug reactions, harmful or even fatal blunders, and hospital borne infections. The Institute of Medicine recently identified three areas in which the health-care system, in general, and hospitals and their staff, in specific, often fall short: the use of unnecessary or inappropriate care (too many antibiotics), underused of effective care (too few immunizations or Pap smears), and shortcomings in technical and interpersonal skills . The greatest single danger that a hospital presents is infection, which is largely preventable.
What can lay people do to ensure proper and safe care while in the hospital? The following guidelines should be considered:
If you have a choice of hospitals, inquire about their accreditation status. Hospitals are subject to inspection to make sure they are in compliance with federal standards. Policies implemented in 1989 require the release of information on request to state health departments regarding a hospital's mortality rate, its accreditation status, and its major deficiencies.
Before checking into a hospital, you need to decide on your accommodations. Do you want to pay extra for a single room? Do you want a nonsmoker for a roommate? Do you need a special diet? Do you need a place to store refrigerated medicine? If someone will be staying with you, will they need a cot? You should try to avoid going in on a weekend when few procedures are done. When you get to your room, you should speak up immediately if it's unacceptable.
You need to be familiar with your rights as a patient . Hospitals should provide an information booklet that includes a Patient's Bill of Rights. The booklet will inform you that you have the right to considerate and respectful care; information about tests, drugs, and procedures; dignity; courtesy; respect; and the opportunity to make decisions, including when to leave the hospital.
You should make informed decisions. Before authorizing any procedure, patients must be informed about their medical condition, treatment options, expected risks, prognosis of the condition, and the name of the person in charge of treatment. This is called informed consent. The only times hospitals are not required to obtain informed consent are cases involving life-threatening emergencies, unconscious patients when no relatives are present, and/or compliance with the law or a court order, such as examination of sexually transmitted diseases. If you are asked to sign a consent form, you should read it first. If you want more information, you should ask before signing. If you are skeptical, you have the right to post pone the procedure and discuss it with your doctor.
Authorization of a medical procedure may be given nonverbally, such as an appearance at a doctor's office for treatment, cooperation during the administration of tests, or failure to object when consent can be easily refused. This is called implied consent.
You need to weigh the risks of drug therapy, x-ray examinations, and laboratory tests with their expected benefits. When tests or treatments are ordered, you should ask about their purpose, possible risks, and possible actions if a test finds something wrong. For example, the injection or ingestion of x-ray dyes makes body structures more visible and greatly facilitates a physician's ability to make a correct diagnosis. However, dyes can cause an allergic reaction that ranges from a skin rash to circulatory collapse and death. Finally, you should inquire about prescribed drugs. You should avoid taking drugs, including pain and sleeping medication, unless you feel confident of their benefits and are aware of their hazards.
When scheduled for surgery, prepare for anesthesia. In rare cases general anesthesia can cause brain damage and death. One cause of such catastrophes is vomiting while unconscious. To reduce the risk, refuse any food or drink that may be offered by mistake in the 8 hours before surgery.
You need to know who is in charge of your care and record the office number and when you can expect a visit. If your doctor is transferring your care to someone else, you need to know who it is. If your doctor is not available and you do not know what is happening, you can ask for the nurse in charge of your case.
You should keep a daily log of procedures, medicines, and doctor visits. When you get your bill, compare each item with your written record. Insist on an itemized bill.
You should stay active within the limits of your medical problem. Many body functions begin to suffer from just a few days' inactivity. Moving about, walking, bending, and contracting muscles help to clear body fluids, reduce the risk of infections (especially in the lungs), and cope with the stress of hospital procedures that add to the depression and malaise of hospitalization.
You should be alert. Throughout your stay, you can keep asking questions until you know all you need to know. According to some experts, the biggest improvement in health care has not been technological advances; it's been patients asking questions. The more questions, the fewer mistakes and the more power patients have in the doctor-patient relationship Selecting a Health-Care Professional
Choosing a physician for your general health care is an important and necessary duty. Only physicians are discussed here, but this information applies to the selection of all health-care practitioners. You must select one who will listen carefully to your problems and diagnose them accurately. At the same time, you need a physician who can move you through the modern medical maze of technology and specialists.
For most people, good health care means having a primary-care physician, a professional who assists you as you assume responsibility for your overall health and directs you when specialized care is necessary. Your primary-care physician should be familiar with your complete medical history, as well as your home, work, and other environments. You are better understood in periods of sickness when your physician also sees you during periods of wellness. Finding a primary-care physician, however, may be difficult. Of the 700,000 doctors in the United States, only 200,000 (less than 30%) are in primary care.
For adults, primary-care physicians are usually family practitioners, once called "general practitioners," and internists, specialists in internal medicine. Pediatricians often serve as primary-care physicians for children. Obstetricians and gynecologists, who specialize in pregnancy, childbirth, and diseases of the female reproductive system, often serve as primary-care physicians to women. In some places, general surgeons may offer primary care in addition to the surgery they perform. Some osteopathic physicians also practice family medicine. A doctor of osteopathy (DO) emphasizes manipulation of the body to treat symptoms.
There are several sources of information for obtaining the names of physicians in your area:
Local and state medical societies can identify doctors by specialty and tell you a doctor's basic credentials. You should check on the doctor's hospital affiliation and make sure the hospital is accredited. Another sign of standing is the type of societies in which the doctor has membership. The qualifications of a surgeon, for example, are enhanced by a fellowship in the American College of Surgeons (abbreviated as FACS after the surgeon's name). An internist fellowship in the American College of Physicians is abbreviated F ACP. Membership in academies indicates a physician's special interest.
All physicians board certified in the United States are listed in the American Medical Directory published by the American Medical Association and available in larger libraries. About one fourth of the practicing physicians in the United States are not board certified. This may mean that a doctor failed the exam, never completed training, or is incompetent. It could also mean that the doctor simply has not taken the exam.
The American Board of Medical Specialists (ABMS) publishes the Compendium of Certified Medical Specialties, which lists physicians by name, specialty, and location. Pharmacists can be asked to recommend names.
Hospitals can give you names of staff physicians who also practice in the community.
Local medical schools can identify faculty members who also practice privately.
Many colleges and universities have health centers that keep a list of physicians for student referral.
Friends may have recommendations, but you should allow for the possibility that your opinion of the doctor may be different.
Once you have identified a leading candidate, you can make an appointment. You need to check with the office staff about office hours, availability of emergency care at night or on weekends, backup doctors, procedures when you call for advice, hospital affiliation, and payment and insurance procedure.You should schedule your first visit while in good health. Once you have seen your doctor, reflect on the following: Did the doctor seem to be listening to you? Were your questions answered? Was a medical history taken? Were you informed of possible side effects of drugs or tests? Was respect shown for your need of privacy? Was the doctor open to the suggestion of a second opinion?
Before entering a hospital, you should be aware of possible dangers. Well-known hospital hazards are unnecessary operations, unexpected drug reactions, harmful or even fatal blunders, and hospital borne infections. The Institute of Medicine recently identified three areas in which the health-care system, in general, and hospitals and their staff, in specific, often fall short: the use of unnecessary or inappropriate care (too many antibiotics), underused of effective care (too few immunizations or Pap smears), and shortcomings in technical and interpersonal skills . The greatest single danger that a hospital presents is infection, which is largely preventable.
What can lay people do to ensure proper and safe care while in the hospital? The following guidelines should be considered:
If you have a choice of hospitals, inquire about their accreditation status. Hospitals are subject to inspection to make sure they are in compliance with federal standards. Policies implemented in 1989 require the release of information on request to state health departments regarding a hospital's mortality rate, its accreditation status, and its major deficiencies.
Before checking into a hospital, you need to decide on your accommodations. Do you want to pay extra for a single room? Do you want a nonsmoker for a roommate? Do you need a special diet? Do you need a place to store refrigerated medicine? If someone will be staying with you, will they need a cot? You should try to avoid going in on a weekend when few procedures are done. When you get to your room, you should speak up immediately if it's unacceptable.
You need to be familiar with your rights as a patient . Hospitals should provide an information booklet that includes a Patient's Bill of Rights. The booklet will inform you that you have the right to considerate and respectful care; information about tests, drugs, and procedures; dignity; courtesy; respect; and the opportunity to make decisions, including when to leave the hospital.
You should make informed decisions. Before authorizing any procedure, patients must be informed about their medical condition, treatment options, expected risks, prognosis of the condition, and the name of the person in charge of treatment. This is called informed consent. The only times hospitals are not required to obtain informed consent are cases involving life-threatening emergencies, unconscious patients when no relatives are present, and/or compliance with the law or a court order, such as examination of sexually transmitted diseases. If you are asked to sign a consent form, you should read it first. If you want more information, you should ask before signing. If you are skeptical, you have the right to post pone the procedure and discuss it with your doctor.
Authorization of a medical procedure may be given nonverbally, such as an appearance at a doctor's office for treatment, cooperation during the administration of tests, or failure to object when consent can be easily refused. This is called implied consent.
You need to weigh the risks of drug therapy, x-ray examinations, and laboratory tests with their expected benefits. When tests or treatments are ordered, you should ask about their purpose, possible risks, and possible actions if a test finds something wrong. For example, the injection or ingestion of x-ray dyes makes body structures more visible and greatly facilitates a physician's ability to make a correct diagnosis. However, dyes can cause an allergic reaction that ranges from a skin rash to circulatory collapse and death. Finally, you should inquire about prescribed drugs. You should avoid taking drugs, including pain and sleeping medication, unless you feel confident of their benefits and are aware of their hazards.
When scheduled for surgery, prepare for anesthesia. In rare cases general anesthesia can cause brain damage and death. One cause of such catastrophes is vomiting while unconscious. To reduce the risk, refuse any food or drink that may be offered by mistake in the 8 hours before surgery.
You need to know who is in charge of your care and record the office number and when you can expect a visit. If your doctor is transferring your care to someone else, you need to know who it is. If your doctor is not available and you do not know what is happening, you can ask for the nurse in charge of your case.
You should keep a daily log of procedures, medicines, and doctor visits. When you get your bill, compare each item with your written record. Insist on an itemized bill.
You should stay active within the limits of your medical problem. Many body functions begin to suffer from just a few days' inactivity. Moving about, walking, bending, and contracting muscles help to clear body fluids, reduce the risk of infections (especially in the lungs), and cope with the stress of hospital procedures that add to the depression and malaise of hospitalization.
You should be alert. Throughout your stay, you can keep asking questions until you know all you need to know. According to some experts, the biggest improvement in health care has not been technological advances; it's been patients asking questions. The more questions, the fewer mistakes and the more power patients have in the doctor-patient relationship Selecting a Health-Care Professional
Choosing a physician for your general health care is an important and necessary duty. Only physicians are discussed here, but this information applies to the selection of all health-care practitioners. You must select one who will listen carefully to your problems and diagnose them accurately. At the same time, you need a physician who can move you through the modern medical maze of technology and specialists.
For most people, good health care means having a primary-care physician, a professional who assists you as you assume responsibility for your overall health and directs you when specialized care is necessary. Your primary-care physician should be familiar with your complete medical history, as well as your home, work, and other environments. You are better understood in periods of sickness when your physician also sees you during periods of wellness. Finding a primary-care physician, however, may be difficult. Of the 700,000 doctors in the United States, only 200,000 (less than 30%) are in primary care.
For adults, primary-care physicians are usually family practitioners, once called "general practitioners," and internists, specialists in internal medicine. Pediatricians often serve as primary-care physicians for children. Obstetricians and gynecologists, who specialize in pregnancy, childbirth, and diseases of the female reproductive system, often serve as primary-care physicians to women. In some places, general surgeons may offer primary care in addition to the surgery they perform. Some osteopathic physicians also practice family medicine. A doctor of osteopathy (DO) emphasizes manipulation of the body to treat symptoms.
There are several sources of information for obtaining the names of physicians in your area:
Local and state medical societies can identify doctors by specialty and tell you a doctor's basic credentials. You should check on the doctor's hospital affiliation and make sure the hospital is accredited. Another sign of standing is the type of societies in which the doctor has membership. The qualifications of a surgeon, for example, are enhanced by a fellowship in the American College of Surgeons (abbreviated as FACS after the surgeon's name). An internist fellowship in the American College of Physicians is abbreviated F ACP. Membership in academies indicates a physician's special interest.
All physicians board certified in the United States are listed in the American Medical Directory published by the American Medical Association and available in larger libraries. About one fourth of the practicing physicians in the United States are not board certified. This may mean that a doctor failed the exam, never completed training, or is incompetent. It could also mean that the doctor simply has not taken the exam.
The American Board of Medical Specialists (ABMS) publishes the Compendium of Certified Medical Specialties, which lists physicians by name, specialty, and location. Pharmacists can be asked to recommend names.
Hospitals can give you names of staff physicians who also practice in the community.
Local medical schools can identify faculty members who also practice privately.
Many colleges and universities have health centers that keep a list of physicians for student referral.
Friends may have recommendations, but you should allow for the possibility that your opinion of the doctor may be different.
Once you have identified a leading candidate, you can make an appointment. You need to check with the office staff about office hours, availability of emergency care at night or on weekends, backup doctors, procedures when you call for advice, hospital affiliation, and payment and insurance procedure.You should schedule your first visit while in good health. Once you have seen your doctor, reflect on the following: Did the doctor seem to be listening to you? Were your questions answered? Was a medical history taken? Were you informed of possible side effects of drugs or tests? Was respect shown for your need of privacy? Was the doctor open to the suggestion of a second opinion?
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)